General anaesthesia carries its own risks, including reactions to medicines and breathing or heart problems. The anaesthetist will assess these risks before surgery.
Blood clots can form in the deep veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis) and may travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism), which can be life-threatening. Measures to reduce this risk are planned according to individual risk.
Fluid collections, such as blood (haematoma) or clear fluid (seroma), can build up beneath the skin after surgery. Some settle on their own, while others need to be drained or may require a return to the operating theatre.
Pain or discomfort in the breasts or around the scars usually improves as healing progresses, but it may persist for several months and, in some patients, may be long-term.
Breast and nipple sensation may increase, decrease or change after surgery. These changes often improve over time, but in some patients they are permanent, and the two breasts may recover differently.
Releasing and reshaping breast tissue, and reducing or repositioning the areola, can affect blood supply to the breast tissue, skin, nipple, and areola. If the blood supply is reduced, areas of tissue or skin, or part or all of the nipple and areola, may heal poorly or not survive. This may require prolonged wound care or further surgery.
Tuberous breasts may already have less glandular tissue, and surgery can further affect milk production depending on the technique used. Some patients can breastfeed after surgery, while others produce less milk or are unable to breastfeed. If future breastfeeding is important to you, discuss this before surgery.
When breast implants are used, additional risks include capsular contracture (tightening of the scar tissue around the implant), rupture, implant movement or rippling and the need for further implant surgery in the future. Breast implants are not lifetime devices. Learn more about breast implant risks. [LINK]
When fat transfer is used, not all of the transferred fat will survive. This can cause firm lumps (fat necrosis), oil cysts or calcification, which may need breast imaging or further assessment, and more than one procedure may be needed.
The risks relevant to your proposed operation will be discussed during consultation and through the formal informed-consent process.